HUMM good information HOWEVER, I have notice that when I Stop turning mine FOUR days before hatching and lay them with the Larger end slightly Higher then the smaller end, It really seems to help with Upside downers and Malpositioned chicks. There's no mentioning of this, I have read the more turning the better, but I do disagree with turning them three times a day you will get a lot of malpostions, that can be avoided if you do what I have done as far as stop the turning four days before due date...