Analysis of 3/16/14 Draft Site Selection GAAMP
I've spent quite a bit of time analyzing the draft Site Selection GAAMP, which will be voted on tomorrow by the MDARD Commissioners. Both MDARD officials and the Michigan Farm Bureau have stated publicly, on many occasions, that the changes are about "closing a loophole" that allows Right to Farm protection in residentially zoned areas. I would oppose the changes on that basis alone, but the statement is simply untrue: the proposed changes are sweeping, far-reaching and represent a major shift in the state's land use policy; they are likely to have a major affect on land use and values of zoned agricultural land in rural and especially what MDARD terms "transitional agricultural" areas.
I find the mostly black-box process by which this document was generated to be very concerning, and my concern is borne out by my analysis. Even if you agree with the GAAMP's policy goals (which are not entirely clear), it is:
1. internally inconsistent;
2. ambiguous and difficult to understand (requiring several hours for my husband and I to determine whether livestock production is allowed, and where, on our farm, and leaving us—highly educated people with five graduate degrees between us— unsure);
3. inclusive of sweeping public policy changes that will profoundly affect land use and values not only in urban and suburban areas but also in rural and especially what MDARD is terming "transitional" agricultural-zoned areas;
4. without evidence that MDARD officials have assessed and documented the proposal's projected consequences—in other words, carried out the policy impact assessment that is both customary and advisable for even a much less sweeping policy change—leaving the public and the Commission to assess the proposal in an information vacuum.
I've written a long analysis of the GAAMP, but I thought I'd share here my analysis of the language about "Category 3 Farmland" on page 12 (and please let me know if you think I've got it wrong! One caveat: I'm not a lawyer, and while this analysis was carried out to the best of my abilities and in good faith, it's not guaranteed to be correct...)
Category 3: Cat. 3 Farmland Left in Regulatory Limbo
The proposed GAAMP says Cat 3 land "may be suitable" for livestock facilities with fewer than 50 animal units, but does not state by whom, how, or by what standards (or any method of appeal) the determination of suitability would be made for Category 3 land.(p. 12)
Further, even if we assume that local government is making the determination, the GAAMP does not state whether RTF covers livestock facilities on Cat. 3 land even if the local unit of government does allow those facilities. If not, then why is the local government's ability to allow up to 50 animal units on Cat. 3 mentioned at all? This should be clarified.
If this section does not extend RTF protection to Cat. 3 land livestock facilities where permitted by local government, then the only reason for the inclusion of language referring to Cat. 3 livestock facilities of under 50 animal is that MDARD is actually not allowing local units of governments to permit more than 50 animal units on all Cat. 3 land. It certainly is a possible reading of page 12. If this is the case, it is very problematic and should certainly be made clear.
Previously, Cat. 3 sites with fewer than 50 animal units were not addressed in the GAAMP, and by practice and common understanding were apparently not subject to setback restrictions or to the possible exclusion of all livestock (see p. 9 of the 2012 Site Selection GAAMP, referring only to Livestock Production Facilities vis à vis Cat. 3 sites). However, new language in the proposed GAAMP states: Category 3 sites "may [italics mine] be suitable for livestock facilities with less [sic] than 50 animal units” (p. 12). Taken together with the changed heading for Category 3 (livestock now deemed "generally not acceptable" instead of "generally not appropriate" (2012 GAAMP), this indicates that under most circumstances, Category 3 sites are viewed by MDARD as not suitable for Livestock Facilities of any size.
o Analysis:
This is a huge, sweeping change. It creates a new category of quasi-agricultural land that suddenly no longer has RTF protection for even fifty chickens. It is at minimum a very poorly thought-out regulatory policy, and one that should be the subject of debate by the Commission. It is completely new for Cat. 3 land which until this GAAMP allowed up to fifty animal units without question, and was considered fully agricultural. This is also definitely not just "closing a loophole" about residential-zoned farms, as the GAAMP changes have been described repeatedly by MDARD officials in numerous media outlets.
As defined in the Draft GAAMPs, Category 3 land includes a large proportion of zoned agricultural land in many Townships, and approximately 50% of my own 80-acre zoned agricultural, rural 150-year-old farm.
What other RTF protection will next be removed from Category 3 land? Dust from plowing, noise from combines, use of herbicides or fungicides, flame weeding, deer fencing that is higher than local ordinances meant for non-farmers but now suddenly applicable to agriculturally zoned land? The question is not far-fetched, as some of my other analysis shows.