I have thought about nipples. But putting nipples in a conditioning cage would be a pain IMO. I know people who also live in cold climates who use the cups so I am willing to buy 10 or so and try them. Most just have a well insulated building, and the water circulates back into a heated area and then goes back through the system from there
I use cups, in the summer. They will freeze in the throat during the winter...
Beware of insulating your coop. Humidity will go up the combs will freeze worse and you will get respiratory infections...
Yep, hot and warm water freezes before cold...I had to try it last year to believe it.....However there is not all that much difference in time.