Within 2-3 days, you can see veins appearing in the egg when candled. This is usually when I like to check for fertility. You can wait later as others said, such as 7-10 days, but you won't see veins then, just a dark mass. Be sure your in a dark room when candling; the darker the room, the better you'll see it.
The way I candle:
With my left hand, make a circle with the tips of my pointer finger and thumb touching( like your making an OK sign). Make the "circle" an appropriate size for the egg your candling, and place the egg there. With my fingers forming a tight seal around the egg, I take a flashlight with my right hand and place it underneath and up against the egg.
(I can take a picture if I didn't describe this good enough for you to understand)
Its best to first candle an egg that hasn't been incubated yet if your a newbie. It will really help you when candling to have a baseline to compare too. It is very clear which eggs are fertile and which aren't once you realize what you're looking at.