National Insurance contributions
Main article:
National Insurance
The second largest source of government revenues is National Insurance contributions (NICs). NICs are payable by employees, employers and the self-employed and in the 2010-2011 tax year £96.5 billion was raised, 21.5% of the total collected by HMRC.
[42]
Employees and employers pay contributions according to a complex classification based on
employment type and income. Class 1 (employed persons) NIC is charged at several rates depending on various income thresholds and a number of other factors including age, the type of occupational pension scheme contributed to by the employee and/or employer and whether or not the employee is an ocean-going mariner. Certain married women who opted to pay reduced contributions (in return for reduced benefits) prior to 1977 retain this right for historical reasons.
Employers also pay contributions on many benefits in kind provided to employees (such as company cars), and on tax liabilities met on behalf of employees via a "PAYE Settlement Agreement".
There are separate arrangements for self-employed persons, who are normally liable to Class 2 flat rate NIC and Class 4 earnings-related NIC, and for some voluntary sector workers
It is a tax based on income and other factors. At least that is how I see it.
Money collected by a government body from it's citizens is a tax
HNWIs (more than US$1 million, in 2010)
[13] HNWIs (more than US$1 million, in 2011)
[13] HNWI growth rate (%)2010-2011
[13] Percentage Of Population
Rank Country Number Number Number Percent
—
World 10,900,000 11,000,000 0.9 0.15714 %
1
United States 3,104,000 3,068,000 -1.2 0.97769 %
2
Japan 1,739,000 1,822,000 +4.8 1.42568 %
3
Germany 924,000 951,000 +2.9 1.16260 %
4
China 535,000 562,000 +5.0 0.04195 %
5
United Kingdom 454,000 441,000 -2.9 0.70830 %
6
France 396,000 404,000 +2.0 0.61821 %
7
Canada 282,000 280,000 -0.7 0.80370 %
8
Switzerland 243,000 252,000 +3.7 3.16877 %
9
Australia 192,900 179,500 -6.9 0.78234 %
10
Italy 170,000 168,000 -1.2 0.27626 %
11
Brazil 155,000 165,000 +6.5 0.08577 %
12
South Korea 147,000 144,000 -2.0 0.29463 %