I have used heat lamps and heating pads. I skipped the plate option because of expense. I made two mother heating pads (MHP's) and I was blown away by how much better it is than a light. heat lamps pose greater fire risk because they produce very concentrated heat, sometimes blow up (had that happen) and are a burn hazard (daughter got a 3rd degree burn from grazing one for half a second). heat lamps, even the proper color red bulbs lead to sleep interruption, throwing off the circadian rhythm of the chicks, leaving them more prone to other problems. MHP's on the other hand allow a much larger area for a more gradual temperature gradient (they are placed on an angle with a low and high end), making it much easier for the chicks to get comfortable and regulate their temperature, they sleep the night through and develop more normally (in my experience, especially noticeable in meat birds). the heat source is much more efficient, using a fraction of the overall electricity, which is nice on the electric bill, and being a lower wattage, also pose a lower risk of fire. I see no need to go to the added expense of using a heat plate. everything you need to know to get started is in this thread:
https://www.backyardchickens.com/th...d-in-the-brooder-picture-heavy-update.956958/