Raising and Growing Our Organic and Not- So-Organic Foods

[Arielle2]

this covers basic planting, a cherry specifically, but I do prefer lower limbs to keep the tree low set and within my reach. She did not say if this is a standard which might necessitate her method.

many G dwarfing stock must be staked its whole like doe to shallow rooting.
https://www.orangepippintrees.com/articles/fruit-tree-advice/rootstocks-for-apple-trees

THis is more specific info on pruning at the time of planting, adding it here.

https://www.orangepippintrees.com/articles/fruit-tree-advice/pruning-a-newly-planted-fruit-tree

"The most common reason for a 1-year tree failing to grow in its first spring after planting is if the required pruning was not carried out.




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[Arielle2]

general sources of innfo
https://www.orangepippintrees.com/articles/fruit-tree-advice

 

[Arielle2]

In desiding which varieties to plant, the far too many varieties creates a challenge.

An apple we liked for its longeity in cellar refrigeration was the Spartan. However this info indicates wh
https://www.orangepippintrees.com/a...-apple-trees-in-the-north-american-climateile it does store, the flavor decreases while others increase in quality.

https://www.orangepippintrees.com/articles/fruit-tree-advice/how-to-store-apples


Triploids need another pollinatork which means at least 3 trees. Interesting that this also provides for better disease resistance, mentioned here and in other readings.

https://www.orangepippintrees.com/articles/fruit-tree-advice/triploid-apple-varieties

Best variety also depends on zones, rootstock, and more

https://www.orangepippintrees.com/a...ing-apple-trees-in-the-north-american-climate


picking times for many apples, also need to consider flowering time to have a partner

https://www.orangepippintrees.com/picktimes.aspx


Whether or not to use added microbes at planting----not necessary.

https://www.orangepippintrees.com/articles/fruit-tree-advice/mychorrizal-fungi

 

[Arielle2]

WHile knowing the winter hardiness is generally better known, I was surprized to find summer temps , the hottest days, affect a tree too. Just like tomatoes!

https://www.orangepippintrees.com/articles/fruit-tree-advice/climate-suitability-of-apple-varieties

Another little tip regaurding sun 's path. Includes a link to input an address

https://www.orangepippintrees.com/a...o-find-the-position-of-the-sun-in-your-garden

 

[Arielle2]

More reasons to choose a type of cooking apple: holds its shape, keeps someof its shape, to puree. What do you like in an apple pie? If applesause is on the menu, a pureeing type wont be lumpy. THough many people do enjoy a lumpy applesauce.

https://www.orangepippintrees.com/articles/fruit-tree-advice/apples-for-cooking

I will put a link here for cider apples, more to avoid at this point. Imbedded links with specifics.
https://www.orangepippintrees.com/articles/fruit-tree-advice/apple-trees-for-cider


THis is one of the linkss that is an extensive list of sweet cider apples but notably most are also fresh eating apples, and a few cooking apples. Quite different than the hard cider list.

https://www.orangepippintrees.com/search.aspx?ps=41

 

[Arielle2]

Four apple trees ordered and eagerly awaiting. Ginger gold from Stark-- a disease prone varitey; and 3 from CUmmins on G.222 stock , 2 golden grimes and a Arkmere. Need to check spelling on that one.

Will need to prepare for those trees and be ready to plant.

https://www.orangepippintrees.com/articles/fruit-tree-advice/planting-trees

 

[Arielle2]

a few more Im looking at

https://www.orangepippintrees.com/compare.aspx?a=3

 

[Arielle2]

Another major disease, on of the major 4 ----

http://extension.illinois.edu/focus/index.cfm?problem=cedar-apple-rust

Cedar Apple Rust
Description

Cedar apple rust is caused by a fungal pathogen called Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae. This fungus attacks crabapples and apples (Malus sp.) and eastern red cedar (Juniper) as well as a few other junipers not commonly grown in Illinois. In order to survive, the fungus must "move" from one type of host to another (e.g., from juniper to crabapple).

Symptoms

On juniper or eastern red cedar, small (3/8 to 1 and 3/16 inches in diameter) galls develop throughout the tree on needles and small twigs. When mature, these galls swell considerably and repeatedly produce orange, gelatinous telial horns during rainy spring weather. As spring rains subside, the galls die, which may cause death of the twig from the gall to the tip.

On susceptible crabapples and apples, tiny yellow spots appear on the leaves after infection in the spring. As the spots mature, they become yellow/orange and swollen with a red border, and develop tiny black dots (spermagonia) in the center of the lesion. By mid-summer, small cup-like structures with tubes (aecia) are visible on the undersides of mature leaf lesions. The fungus may also infect fruit and even succulent twigs of very susceptible crabapple and apple varieties.

From the telial horns on the juniper, basidiospores are released that infect crabapples and apples. Although these spores may be carried several miles, most infections occur within a several hundred feet from the source juniper. A wet spring period of 4-6 hours at 50-75 F is sufficient for severe infection. Symptoms are described above. Two to four weeks after the tiny dots (spermagonia) appear in the center of each spot, aecia appear on the undersides of leaf lesions. Most people only notice this stage after the aecia have split and take on a ragged appearance. Aeciospores, released from the aecia, become airborne and infect susceptible juniper hosts from midsummer into early fall.

The following spring, galls (consisting of both fungal and host plant tissues) begin to develop on the juniper. These galls continue to grow through the summer, and by fall they are full size (3/8 to 1 and 3/16 inches in diameter), greenish-brown to tan and round to kidney shaped.

In addition, golf ball-like depressions form on the gall at this time that will give rise to telial horns the following spring. The telial horns are brownish in color, but rapidly elongate and become bright orange with spring rain. Shrinking and swelling of telial horns can occur several times with intermittent rainfall. Each time the telial horns swell, basidiospores are released.

After the telial horns have released their spores, the horns collapse, dry and eventually fall off. The galls die at this point, but may remain attached to the juniper for a year or more.

In summary, the complete cycle of cedar apple rust takes 24 months to complete and requires infection of two different hosts.

Management
Buy resistant plants. Remove all galls from the juniper before the telial horns form. Check with your local Extension office or garden center for recommended fungicides.

See the other rust sites for additional information on rust diseases. More than one type of rust may be present on any of these plant hosts. Although these rusts are quite similar, certain types of rust galls may produce spores for more than one year.

Also see the rust differences chart.


Written by James Schuster, Extension Educator, Horticulture, and reviewed by Bruce Paulsrud, Extension Specialist, Pesticide Applicator Training and Plant Pathology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

 

[Arielle2]

The state lands around me are filled with juniper type trees. Not sure about CAR 's level of contamination in the area. The number ofjumipers are few, and not on my property. The info above states 100 feet is generally good enough. Spring will be here soon with the spring rains and warmer days...a good time to check those known junipers for the orange fat globs.

 

[Arielle2]

Several Rusts. See link near end of post 58
Listed top to bottom for each 1,2,3, from a chart that didnt copy in the same format.


Cedar Rust Differences
Cedar-apple Rust Cedar-hawthorn Rust Cedar-quince Rust
Deciduous hosts

1 Apple/crabapple

2 Hawthorn, apple/crabapple, sometimes pear, quince, serviceberry

3 Many of the genera in the rose family. More common ones attacked in IL include mountain ash, hawthorn, flowering quince, and serviceberry.

Affected plant parts

Mostly leaves

Mostly leaves occasionally fruit, stems and thorns

Mostly thorns, new twigs and fruits. Sometimes petioles and veins of leaves

Leaf spot symptoms

Start as greenish yellow then yellow followed by orange (black spots may form in orange), there is generally a reddish halo between infected lesion and healthy tissue

Start as yellow spot followed by orange (black spots may form in orange).

Basically none except upon close inspection of veins and petioles that are swollen and occasional chlorotic spots on some rosaceae hosts.

Infection to aecial stage

70 to 80 days

80 to 90 days

45 — 60 days

Aecial spore release

As air dries out in a.m.

As air dries out in a.m. & during rains

As air dries out in a.m. & during rains

Evergreen hosts

Mostly Eastern red cedar in Illinois & a few other junipers not commonly grown in Illinois.

Eastern red cedar; Rocky Mountain, common and prostrate junipers as well as a few not commonly grown in Illinois.

Eastern red cedar, common, prostrate, Rocky Mountain, and savin junipers.

Gall shape

Kidney shaped to round

Flat on one side to round

Elongated swelling of the twig

Gall appearance

Dimples/depressions by fall where telial horns develop the following spring

Raised "bubble/blister" like appearances by fall where telial horns develop the following spring.

Spindle shaped that has rough bark appearance after telia production is finished.

Telial horn appearance

Long and thin

Short and stubby

Orange bark scum

Number of years telia are produced

One year (spring following gall development)

May produce telia horns for several growing seasons or years.

One or more years (4-6 but sometimes for 20)

Death of twig

Twig almost always dies

Twig seldom dies

Twigs often die but not always.

Distance between hosts that spores can travel to cause infection

Usually within several hundred feet but possible for several miles

Usually within several hundred feet but possible to 14 miles

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More information is available on Hort Answers.



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