This U-tube video from Auburn University does a pretty good job of showing what causes a majority of blood spots. It's about 2-1/2 minutes into the video.
When the yolk is growing it is surrounded by a membrane full of blood vessels to carry nutrients to the yolk so it can grow. When the yolk is released that membrane splits along a line that is supposed to not have any blood vessels on it. The video makes that really clear. Occasionally a hen messes up and that clear line has a blood vessel across it. When the membrane splits some blood can be released. From what I've observed some hens are more prone to this than others. Pullets just starting to lay are more prone to this than hens that have been laying for a while. But it can happen to any hen any time.
I am not saying that there cannot be a different cause for blood spots. With chickens there are always exceptions to everything. This is a regular occurrence in commercial egg laying operations too. They electrically candle their eggs before packaging to remove these so their customers don't get surprises. These eggs are sold to other places that use eggs, pet food for example.