Sorry, I missed this on my earlier post.
I am not an expert, by any means - but this is what I have from observations:
1) Geese (might be different from pullets - but still at least a frame of reference)
My Gander, Sampson, starts getting 'hissy' and protective about 2 weeks in Feb. before my geese start to lay - so clearly he is aware of their hormones starting to ramp up somewhere around 2 weeks before actual lay.
2) Pullets. Initially when I had chicks and had a bit more time to spend with them, I noticed that they started to squat for me 2-3 weeks before they started to lay. I am
guessing that this was indicative of a change in hormones ramping up and that the Rooster would be aware of that, too.
however, just like with human females....girls start to get some physical changes well before they are 'hormonally' ready to mate. (i.e. breast start to develop, start to sweat more, hair starts to grow in places....anywhere from 3-8 months before ovulation starts. While the human timeline is off compared to a chicken's, I think the same general principal applies.
?anyone else want to weigh in?
I did
try to go down that rabbit hole, but the only research article I found directly relevant to this question was behind a paywall.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00071669888034